One of the interesting things about being a parent is that there is great variation in how we raise our children. At the same time, there are many common factors from one parent to another. In fact, there is enough similarity that researchers found in their experiments and studies. From that, they could find four common parenting styles.
The reports say that each parenting style varies in at least four areas: discipline style, communication, nurturance, and expectations.
There are four types of parenting.
1. Authoritarian Parenting
Authoritarian parents are often thought of as disciplinarians.
They use a strict discipline style with little negotiation possible. Punishment is common in this parenting style.
Communication is mostly one way: from parent to child. No arguments or reply comments. Rules usually are not explained. Parents with this style are typically less nurturing.
Expectations are high with limited flexibility.
2. Permissive Parenting
Permissive or Indulgent parents mostly let their children do what they want, and offer limited guidance or direction. They are more like friends than parents.
Their discipline style is based on freedom. They have limited or no rules and mostly let children figure problems out on their own.
Communication is open but these parents let children decide for themselves rather than giving direction. Parents in this category tend to be warm and nurturing. Expectations are typically minimal or not set by these parents.
3. Uninvolved Parenting
Uninvolved parents give children a lot of freedom and generally stay out of their way. Some parents may make a conscious decision to parent in this way, while others are less interested in parenting or unsure of what to do.
No particular discipline style is utilized. An uninvolved parent lets a child mostly do what they want, probably out of a lack of information or care. This group of parents offers little nurturing. There are few or no expectations of children.
4. Authoritative Parenting
What is authoritative parenting? Authoritative parents are reasonable and nurturing and set high, clear expectations. Children with parents who demonstrate this style tend to be self-disciplined and think for themselves. This style is thought to be most beneficial to children.
Disciplinary rules are clear and the reasons behind them are explained.
Communication is frequent and appropriate to the child’s level of understanding. Authoritative parents are nurturing. Expectations and goals are high but stated clearly. Children may have input into goals.
What is My Parenting Style?
Research shows us that the quality of the relationship between parent and child has a huge impact on brain development—the actual formation of children’s brains is influenced by parenting. Numerous studies have found that secure, healthy parent-child relationships impact children’s stress levels, social-emotional well-being, and even academic success. The work of parenting is figuring out how to have a warm, high-quality relationship with your child while also creating rules and expectations. This takes time and practice, and willingness to course-correct when things are not working.